The Explainer
25 Nov 2025
What did the world actually agree to at COP30?
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After two weeks of fraught negotiations in Belem, Brazil, COP30 reached a fragile agreement that triples adaptation finance but fails to chart a course for the phasing out of fossil fuels. With the United States absent and the EU finding itself increasingly isolated, the summit served as a reality check for what the future of climate cooperation might look like. We're joined this week by Diarmuid Torney, associate professor in the School of Law and Government at DCU and Director of the university's Institute for Climate and Society, to examine what was agreed, what was lost, and where the world goes from here.